Credit Reports and Bureaus

Canada-first explanations of credit reports, Equifax Canada, TransUnion Canada, inquiries, tradelines, and file review.

This section explains how Canadian credit-reporting language works in practice. It covers the report itself, the role of the credit bureaus, the account and inquiry records that appear on a file, and the terms readers encounter when they review their own disclosure.

Readers usually land here after receiving an approval decision, pulling a consumer disclosure, checking for errors, or trying to understand what Equifax Canada or TransUnion Canada is actually reporting.

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In this section

  • Credit Report
    A credit report is the bureau summary that shows a consumer's reported accounts, inquiries, and other file information.
  • Credit Check
    A credit check is a review of a borrower's credit file for a defined purpose such as lending, account review, or self-monitoring.
  • Credit Bureau
    A credit bureau is an organization that collects, maintains, and provides consumer credit-file information.
  • Equifax Canada
    Equifax Canada is one of the main consumer credit bureaus Canadian borrowers encounter.
  • TransUnion Canada
    TransUnion Canada is one of the main consumer credit bureaus Canadian borrowers encounter.
  • Hard Inquiry
    A hard inquiry is a credit check linked to an application for new credit or another permission-based lending review.
  • Soft Inquiry
    A soft inquiry is a file review that is not typically tied to a new-credit application.
  • Tradeline
    A tradeline is the report entry for one credit account or reported borrowing relationship.
  • Report Error
    A report error is inaccurate, incomplete, outdated, or mixed-file information that appears on a credit report.
  • Derogatory Information
    Derogatory information is report data that suggests repayment problems, elevated credit risk, or past account trouble.
  • Public Record on a Credit File
    A public record on a credit file is a bureau entry tied to certain court-linked or insolvency-related events that may be reported.
  • Address History on a Credit Report
    Address history on a credit report is the list of current and former addresses associated with a consumer's file.
  • Reporting Account Status
    Reporting account status is the label or code that shows the current condition of a credit account on a report.