Credit Reports and Bureaus

Canada-first explanations of credit reports, Equifax Canada, TransUnion Canada, inquiries, tradelines, and file review.

This section explains how Canadian credit-reporting language works in practice. It covers the report itself, the role of the credit bureaus, the account and inquiry records that appear on a file, and the terms readers encounter when they review their own disclosure.

Readers usually land here after receiving an approval decision, pulling a consumer disclosure, checking for errors, or trying to understand what Equifax Canada or TransUnion Canada is actually reporting.

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In this section

  • Credit Report
    A credit report is the bureau summary that shows a consumer's reported accounts, inquiries, and other file information.
  • Credit Check
    A credit check is a review of a borrower's credit file for a defined purpose such as lending, account review, or self-monitoring.
  • Credit Bureau
    A credit bureau is an organization that collects, maintains, and provides consumer credit-file information.
  • Furnisher
    Organization that supplies account or inquiry information to a credit bureau for inclusion in a consumer file.
  • Equifax Canada
    Equifax Canada is one of the main consumer credit bureaus Canadian borrowers encounter.
  • TransUnion Canada
    TransUnion Canada is one of the main consumer credit bureaus Canadian borrowers encounter.
  • Hard Inquiry
    A hard inquiry is a credit check linked to an application for new credit or another permission-based lending review.
  • Soft Inquiry
    A soft inquiry is a file review that is not typically tied to a new-credit application.
  • Tradeline
    A tradeline is the report entry for one credit account or reported borrowing relationship.
  • Report Error
    A report error is inaccurate, incomplete, outdated, or mixed-file information that appears on a credit report.
  • Account Type on a Credit Report
    Account type on a credit report is the tradeline field showing what kind of credit relationship the reported account represents.
  • Derogatory Information
    Negative credit-report information such as serious delinquencies, collections, or other repayment trouble.
  • Closed Account on a Credit Report
    A closed account on a credit report is a tradeline no longer open for new borrowing even though its history may still appear.
  • Date Opened on a Credit Report
    Date opened on a credit report is the field showing when a reported account relationship began.
  • Public Record on a Credit File
    Court-linked or insolvency-related entries that may appear on a Canadian consumer file.
  • Date Closed on a Credit Report
    Date closed on a credit report is the field showing when a reported account was closed in the bureau record.
  • Last Reported Date
    Last reported date is the field showing when a tradeline was most recently updated to the bureau.
  • Past Due Amount
    Past due amount is the unpaid amount that should already have been paid under the account terms.
  • Address History on a Credit Report
    Current and former addresses tied to a consumer file for identity matching and file review.
  • Monthly Payment on a Credit Report
    Monthly payment on a credit report is the tradeline field showing the scheduled payment amount for some reported accounts.
  • Paid as Agreed
    Paid as agreed is a report phrase showing that an account is being reported as current under its payment terms.
  • Current Balance on a Credit Report
    Current balance on a credit report is the amount a tradeline is showing as currently owed in the bureau record.
  • High Balance on a Credit Report
    High balance on a credit report is the historical peak balance field shown on some tradelines.
  • Payment Rating
    Payment rating is the report code family that shows how a Canadian tradeline is being reported for payment behaviour.
  • Credit Limit on a Credit Report
    Credit limit on a credit report is the limit field shown on a revolving tradeline, helping readers interpret available room and utilization.
  • R Rating
    R rating is the Canadian payment-rating code family commonly used for revolving accounts such as credit cards and lines of credit.
  • I Rating
    I rating is the Canadian payment-rating code family commonly used for installment accounts such as personal loans.
  • O Rating
    O rating is the Canadian payment-rating code family used on some open-account tradelines in bureau reporting.
  • Payment History on a Credit Report
    Payment history on a credit report is the tradeline record showing whether recent payments have been reported as current or late.
  • Reporting Account Status
    Tradeline status labels or codes showing whether an account is current, closed, delinquent, or otherwise reported.
Revised on Friday, April 24, 2026